Eficacia y seguridad de olaparib en el tratamiento oncológico: una revisión sistemática

Publicado

04-09-2026

Cómo citar

Vázquez-Gómez, S., Caíña López, S., & Portela Sotelo, A. (2026). Eficacia y seguridad de olaparib en el tratamiento oncológico: una revisión sistemática. Oncología (Ecuador), 36(2). https://doi.org/10.33821/860

Número

Sección

Artículo de Revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33821/860

Palabras clave:

BRCA, deficiencia en la reparación por recombinación homóloga, olaparib, inhibidores de PARP, mutaciones

Resumen

Introducción: Olaparib se ha convertido en un tratamiento fundamental en múltiples tumores sólidos con defectos en la reparación por recombinación homóloga. Su incorporación a la práctica clínica ha transformado el abordaje de múltiples neoplasias; su uso óptimo requiere una selección cuidadosa de los pacientes y un control de la toxicidad, que son áreas clave para la práctica farmacéutica. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos de fase II y III publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios que evaluaban la eficacia y seguridad de olaparib en cánceres avanzados de mama, ovario, páncreas y próstata. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 17 estudios para su revisión. La sólida evidencia de los ensayos de fase III respalda el uso de olaparib en los cánceres de ovario, páncreas y próstata con mutación del gen del cáncer de mama. Por el contrario, en cáncer de mama triple negativo, la evidencia es limitada y heterogénea. Las estrategias de combinación pueden mejorar la supervivencia libre de progresión, aunque asociadas a un incremento de toxicidad. Conclusiones: Olaparib ofrece un beneficio claro en poblaciones seleccionadas por biomarcadores, en particular en pacientes con mutaciones en el gen del cáncer de mama. Desde una perspectiva farmacéutica, su uso requiere la integración de diagnósticos moleculares, la monitorización de la toxicidad y la gestión de las interacciones farmacológicas. La evidencia que respalda un uso más amplio más allá de las mutaciones en el gen del cáncer de mama sigue siendo inconsistente y debe interpretarse con cautela.

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Biografía del autor/a

Silvia Vázquez-Gómez, Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra

Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra. Servicio de Farmacia.

Sandra Caíña López, Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra

Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra. Servicio de Farmacia.

Andrea Portela Sotelo, Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra

Hospital Universitario de Pontevedra. Servicio de Farmacia.

Citas

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